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Short Run Average Costs

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Short Run Average Costs While the total cost of production helps firms understand the overall expenses incurred, the average costs help identify the expenditures involved in  manufacturing  a single unit. In this article, we will look at the short run average costs and marginal costs of production. Short Run Average Costs 1. Average Fixed Cost (AFC) The average fixed cost is the total fixed cost divided by the number of units produced. Hence, if TFC is the total fixed cost and Q is the number of units produced, then A F C = T F C Q Therefore,  AFC is the fixed cost per unit of output. Example: The TFC of a firm is Rs. 2,000. If the output is 100 units, the average fixed cost is, A F C = T F C Q = 2000 100 = R s . 20 If the output is increased to 200  units , then A F C = T F C Q = 2000 200 = R s . 10 Since TFC is constant, any increase in output decreases the AFC. Note that, while the AFC can become really small, it is never zero. Browse more Topics under Theory Of Cost Cost Concepts S
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Production of red chilli

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In Pakistan, a lot of red chillies are sent. Besides, they are from Pakistan. It is cultivated and sold in other countries. It comes in more and comes in dollars. Because of this, Pakistani farmers also get a lot of benefits. Agriculture is the main source of employment in Pakistan. That is why most of the farmers in Pakistan run their livelihood by farming and most of the farming is done in Pakistan in which different types of crops are also given and they are sold in other countries as a source of employment and income. Red pepper, an important crop of Pakistan, is not only an important ingredient in food but also used for it.The production of essence.  It is used in eating spicy and red foods.  Pepper is the most traded Spices in the international market.  Pakistan is the largest producer of chillies after India and China, Mexico.  Pepper is an important cash crop in Sindh province, especially in Kanri of Umerkot District.  The annual production of pepper in the province is 80,000 t
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Presentation Skills

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Presentation Skills Presentation is a way of communication with the audience. You can share your knowledge to the other people to write the different type of data and prepare in the form of power point & Microsoft excel. On the other hand presentation means to explain the various kinds of topics, for example you are a teacher and have to explain the one topic of the available book to your class so, & you explain this topic as a presenter. As a presenter, it is very important for you to have presentation skills otherwise you do not present the topic in front of the audience. To become a good presenter you must require to learning the presentation skills.  On the other words presentation mean a way of communication in which you can share your thoughts and ideas with the audience and you do work as a role model. You will must require to present your topic step by step otherwise all the data are mixed and you will do not present easily it will made difficult for you
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Sun flower in Pakistan

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Sun flower in Pakistan ( Presentation) The sunflower, Enthusiast   annulus  L., has a place with the family composite . The variety name Enthusiast  is gotten from Greek Helios  'sun' and ant hos  'bloom', Locally it is know as surajmukhi. Sixty-seven types of this variety are perceived. Other than the developed species, many are perennials, ornamental , and weeds. The sunflower has a shallow root framework. The taproot develops as profound as 3 m, however the heft of the root framework by and large stays in the 0-0.5 m skyline. The stem is roundabout, 3-6 cm in distance across, and solid, with harsh hairs and slight longitudinal edges.  Sunflowers for the most part grow 1-3 m tall; anyway cultivars as tall as 5 m have been accounted for. The quantity of branches changes from 1 to 12; they are genuinely little and are found towards the highest point of the plant. Be that as it may, spreading is bothersome in sunflower, and the current business
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Production of Mung Bean in Pakistan

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Production of Mung Bean in Pakistan Materials and techniques  2.1. Theoretical methodology  This examination applies ideas of information, mentalities (or discernment's) and practices (KAP). A KAP  evaluation gathers data on what individuals know, accept and do according to a specific point—for this situation mung bean creation and utilization. The strategy begins from the field of social brain research and has been broadly utilized in well being science (for example World Health Association, 2008). These days, the technique is additionally broadly utilized in rural science (for example Adam, Sindhi, and Baddest, 2015; Cinematographers 2015). It is a quantitative technique that utilizes an organized poll to gather this data. Information here alludes to ranchers' comprehension of mung bean creation and utilization. Observations allude to ranchers' convictions about the difficulties and chances to mung bean creation while rehearses allude to ranche
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Production of Tobacco in Pakistan

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production of tobacco in Pakistan Vent CURED  The style of the tobacco is generally filler; the prerequisite of Semi enhanced and seasoned is expanding. Throughout the most recent five years radical changes have occurred in crop cultivation rehearses which has come about into change in the yield profile. Every one of these progressions are because of low to medium fixing and suckering, manor on edges with plant to plant dispersing 3X2 sq feet couple with compound manures application.  The science is improved, the nic level is inside the scope of 1.7 % to 3.5%, while the sugar level is falling inside the scope of 8 % to 15 %. Around 20 % to 30 % tobacco produce is semi enhance style. The principle center later on is more semi enhance and filler Style.  Assortments become here in Pakistan are standard business assortments. These assortments are K399 , NC95 , SPEIGHT G-28 AND HYBRID . No Genetic Modified assortment is permitted to be developed . The confirmed seed is be
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sugarcane in Pakistan

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Sugarcane in Pakistan planting Fall planting starts from the first week of September and continuous to mid-October in the Punjab and Sindh, while in the KPK. planting is done in October and November. Spring planting starts from mid-February and lasts until the end of March in the Punjab and Sindh. Seed Rates Seed Rates Appropriate seed rate and spacing are often ignored by farmers with the result that the optimum plant population which is the key factor in sugarcane production is not achieved in the field.  Thick-cane cultivars like BL - 4, and PR - 1000 require a higher seed rate and more space between the rows than thin and medium-cane varieties.  population about 60000 canes per acre. Sets should be selected only from new cultivated immature crop as an over mature crop will have a large number of dry scale buds. In the case of dry scale buds it should be treated with lime solution. All sets should be equal in length with 2-3 buds. Sets should be cut with a sharp tool
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